Name

thiamine (Betaxin®), vitamin B1

Class

Vitamin (B1)

Description/Mechanism

Thiamine combines with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) coenzyme, a necessary component for carbohydrate metabolism.

Most vitamins required by the body are obtained through diet, however, certain states such as alcoholism and malnourishment may affect the intake, absorption, and utilization of thiamine. The brain is extremely sensitive to thiamine deficiency.

Onset

< 1 min

Duration

Depends on the degree of deficiency

Indications

Prior to the administration of D50 in hypoglycemia when alcohol abuse and/or malnourishement is suspected.

Delirium tremens

Beriberi (rare)

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Contraindications

None significant

Adverse Reactions

Hypotension (from rapid injection or large dose)

Anxiety

Diaphoresis

Nausea and vomiting

Allergic reaction (usually from IV injection, very rare)

Drug Interactions

None significant

Supplied

1000 mg in 10 ml vial (100 mg/ml)

Dose/Administration

Adult

IV/IM: 100 mg slow push

Pediatric

Not recommended

Special Consideration

Pregnancy Safety: Category A

Large IV doses may cause respiratory difficulties

Anaphylactic reactions have been reported