all lab assignments are listed below, on this page - it is  LONG page.

(These terms should be treated as new vocabulary.)

• Quadrants

  • Right Upper Quadrant

  • Left Upper Quadrant

  • Right Lower Quadrant

  • Left Lower Quadrant

• Regions

  • Right Hypochondriac Region

  • Right Lumbar Region

  • Right Inguinal/Iliac Region

  • Epigastric Region

  • Umbilical Region

  • Hypogastric Region

  • Left Hypochondriac Region

  • Left Lumbar Region

  • Left Inguinal/Iliac Region

 

Planes and Sections Transverse Plane Superior Section Inferior Section Frontal Plane Anterior Section Posterior Section Sagittal Plane Midsagittal Section

Chapter 2: Chemistry

(These terms should be treated as new vocabulary.)

• Proton

• Electron

• Nucleus

• Carbon Dioxide

• Oxygen

• Water

• Inorganic Acids

• Inorganic Bases

• Salts

• Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides

  • Disaccharides

  • Polysaccharides

    • Glucose Formula C₆H₁₂O₆

• Lipids

  • Fatty Acids

  • Fats

  • Steroids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

• High Energy Compounds

• Cell Membrane
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
• Cytoplasm
  • Cytosol - fluid
  • Organelles
    • Non-membranous Organelles
      • Microvilli
      • Cilia
      • Centrioles
      • Ribosomes
    • Membranous Organelles
      • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
        • Smooth ER
        • Rough ER
      • Golgi Apparatus
      • Lysosomes
      • Mitochondria
      • Nucleus
      • Nucleolus

• Cellular Metabolism
  • Glycolysis

   

  • Kreb’s Cycle
    • C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + H₂O à 6 CO₂ + H₂O + 38ATP
  • Electron transport system

Chapter 4: Tissues

• Epithelial Tissue
• Connective Tissue
• Muscle Tissue
• Neural Tissue

• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnur

• Simple Epithelium
  • Simple Squamous Epithelia
  • Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
  • Simple Columnar Epithelia
• Stratified Epithelium
  • Pseudostratified Epithelia
  • Stratified Squamous Epithelia

• Connective Tissue Proper
  • Loose Connective Tissue
    • Adipose Tissue
  • Dense Connective Tissue
    • Tendons
    • Ligaments
• Fluid Connective Tissues
  • Blood
  • Lymph
• Supporting Connective Tissues
  • Cartilage
    • Hyaline Cartilage
    • Elastic Cartilage
    • Fibrocartilage
  • Bone

• Collagen Fibers
• Elastic Fibers
• Reticular Fibers

• Skeletal Muscle Tissue
• Cardiac Muscle Tissue
• Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Stratum Germinativum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosm
• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum Corneum

• Papillary Layer
• Reticular Layer

• Hair Follicles
• Sebaceous Glands
• Sweat Glands
  • Apocrine Sweat Glands
  • Merocrine Sweat Glands
• Nails

Bones have various anatomical characteristics:

Elevations and projections: Process, ramus, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity, crest, line, and spine. These are points of attachment for Ligaments and Tendons.

Holes and openings: foramen, canal

Recognize and Name the following structures:

Parietal
Sagittal suture
Occipital
Lambdoidal suture
Frontal
Coronal suture
Temporal
Squamosal suture
Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Styloid process of the temporal bone
Zygomatic
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
Mandible
Nasal
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
Sphenoid
Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
 

Recognize and Name the following holes in the skull

Foramen magnum
External auditory canal
Supraorbital foramen
Infraorbital foramen
Optic foramen

List the sinuses and give their function.

Hyoid bone

Name the vertebra in each section and how many vertebra are in each section.

Describe the sacrum and coccyx.
List the parts of the rib cage.
List the parts of the sternum: manubrium, body, xyphoid process
Costal cartilage.- what type tissue is costal cartilage?
What are the floating ribs? Why are they called ‘floating’?

Clavicle
Scapula
Spine of scapula
Acromion process of scapula (what is the function of a ‘bone process’?)
Coracoid process of scapula
Glenoid cavity of scapula (what articulates with the glenoid cavity?)

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals (how many are there?)
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Pelvis
Coxa
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Pubic symphysis (symphysis pubis)

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis? What type of cartilage is it?
How do you distinguish a male pelvis from a female pelvis? Why?
What is the function of the iliac crest? Where is it?

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals (how many are there?)
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Frontalis
Occipitalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Pectoralis major and minor
Serratus anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Rectus abdominus
External oblique abdominal
Internal oblique abdominal
Transverse abdominal

Diaphragm
Internal intercostals
External intercostals

Erector spinae muscles.

Internal and external anal sphincter

What is the function of a sphincter muscle?

Upper

Deltoid
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Flexor muscles of the forearm
Extensor muscles of the forearm

Lower:

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis and lateralis
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Gracilis
Sartorius
Gastrocnemius
Achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon)
Tibialis anterior

Chapter 08 Nervous System

• Soma
• Dendrites
• Nucleolus
• Nucleus
• Axon Hillock
• Axon
• Synaptic Terminals / Knobs

• Multi-polar Neuron
• Uni- polar Neuron
• Bi-polar Neuron

• Dura Mater
• Arachnoid
• Pia Mater

• Cerebrum
• Diencephalon
• Brainstem
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata
• Cerebellum

Right Cerebral Hemisphere
Longitudinal Fissure
Left Cerebral Hemisphere

• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe

• Nasal cavity
• Nasal conchae (turbinates)
• Mucous epithelium
• Olfactory epithelium
• Ethmoid bone
• Cribiform plate with olfactory foramina

• Tongue
• Taste buds

• External structures
  • Eyebrow
  • Eyelids
  • Eyelashes
  • External muscles
  • Tear glands
  • Conjunctiva

• The coats of the eye
  • Sclera
  • Cornea
  • Choroids
  • Retina

• Internal structures
  • Iris with pupil
  • Lens
  • Anterior cavity (anterior to lens)
    • Anterior chamber (anterior to iris)
    • Posterior chamber (posterior to iris)
    • Aqueous humor

• Posterior cavity (posterior to lens)
  • Vitreous humor

• Pathway of structures and substances light passes through to enter eye – know it order from outside to retina

• External ear
  • Pinna or auricle
  • Auditory canal
  • Tympanum
• Middle ear
  • Ossicles
    • Hammer – malleus
    • Anvil - incus
    • Stirrup - Stapes
  • Oval window
  • Eustachian tube or auditory tube

• Inner ear
  • Cochlea
  • Organ of corti
  • Oval window
  • Round window

• Vestibule
  • otoliths
• Semicircular canals
  • Sagittal Vertical
  • Coronal vertical
  • Transverse horizontal
• Ampulla

Chapter 10 The Endocrine System

Know which hormones are produced by which organ. These are also described in the Class Notes.

Chapter 11.  Blood

• Stages in RBC maturation
• Hemostasis

• Neutrophil
• Esoinophil
• Basophil
• Monocyte
• Lymphocyte

Chapter 12: The Heart

Heart
NOTE: These structures are listed in the correct sequence that blood flows through the heart -
KNOW them in this sequence!

• Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid right (right atrioventricular valve; Right AV valve)
• Right ventricle
• Pulmonary semi lunar valve
• pulmonary trunk
• pulmonary arteries
• pulmonary capillary beds (exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place here)
• pulmonary veins
• Left atrium
• Bicuspid Left (Left atrioventricular valve; left AV valve)
• Left ventricle
• Aortic semi lunar valve
• Ascending aorta
• Aortic arch
• Descending aorta

Where does 'exchange' take place?

What occurs during 'exchange'?

What is 'exchanged'?
What moves from the blood?

What moves into the blood?

Where else does 'exchange' take place? (I.e. what is the other circuit of the cardiovascular system?)

Chapter 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Arteries
to the HEAD:

• Right common carotid
• Left common carotid
• Circle of Willis - Cerebral Arterial Circle

To the UPPER EXTREMITIES:

• Right subclavian
• Left subclavian
• Brachiocephalic
• Axillary
• Brachial
• Ulnar
• Radial

To the abdomen

• Celiac
• Renal

To the LOWER EXTREMITIES

• Common ilac
• Femoral
• Popliteal
• Posterior tibial
• Anterior tibial

Name the major systemic veins and the parts of the body they drain of blood
Veins
From the HEAD

• External jugular
• Internal jugular

From the upper extremities

• Brachiocephalic
• Subclavial
• Axillary
• Cephalic
• Brachial
• Basilic
• Median cubital
• Ulnar

From the ABDOMEN

• Hepatic vein
• Renal

From the Lower extremities

• External iliac
• Internal ilac
• Femoral
• Great saphenous
• Popliteal
• Posterior tibial
• Anterior tibial

Hepatic Portal System
Hepatic portal vein
Digestive capillary beds
Sinusoids in the Liver

• Umbilical arteries
• Umbilical vein
• Foramen ovale
• Ductus arteriosus

Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

• Lymphatic capillaries
• Lymphatics

• Thoracic collecting duct
• Right lymphatic duct

• Lymph nodules
  • Lining of the intestinal tract
  • Tonsils

    palatine tonsils
    lingual tonsils
    pharyngeal tonsils
     

• Lymph nodes
  • Cervical nodes
  • Axillary nodes
  • Cubital nodes
  • Mammary nodes
  • Lumbar lymph nodes
  • Pelvic lymph nodes
  • Inguinal lymph nodes
  • Popliteal nodes

• Thymus

• Spleen

• T-cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
  • Memory T cells
• B-cells
  • Memory B cells
  • Plasma cells
• NK cells

Review the Cell Membrane structure
  Note the proteins in the CM

• Receptors
• Identifiers
• Anchors
• Channels
• Carriers
• Enzymes

Chapter 15: The Respiratory System

• Nose
  • External nares
  • Nasal conchae or turbinates
  • Internal nares

• Larynx
  • Glottis
  • Epiglottis
  • Vocal cords
  • Thyroid cartilage
     
• Trachea
  • Tracheal cartilage

• Bronchi
  • Right and Left primary bronchi
  • Bronchial tree
  • Secondary bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi

• Bronchioles
• Alveolar ducts
• Alveolar sacs
• Alveoli

• Alveolar membrane
• Capillaries

• Right Lung
• Left Lung
• Pleura
  • Parietal
  • Visceral

• Oral Cavity (buccal cavity)
  • Hard palate
  • Soft palate
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands
  • Teeth
  • Incisors
  • Canines
  • Molars

• Pharynx
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

• Esophagus
• Stomach
  • Pyloric sphincter

• Small Intestine
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum

• Large Intestine or Colon
  • Cecum
    appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon

• Rectum
  • Internal anal sphincter
  • External anal sphincter

• Accessory organs
  • Pancreas
    • Pancreatic duct
  • Gallbladder
    • Common bile duct
  • Liver
    
     

• Cellular Metabolism
  • Glycolysis

   

  • Kreb’s Cycle
    • C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + H₂O à 6 CO₂ + H₂O + 38ATP
  • Electron transport system

Chapter 18: The Urinary System

• Nephron
  • Renal corpuscle
    • Glomerulus
    • Bowman’s capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • Descending limb of the loop of Henle
  • Loop of Henle
  • Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
  • Collecting duct
  • Papillary duct
  • Renal pelvis or renal sinus

• Internal urethral sphincter

• External urethral sphincter

Review the Characteristics of Water.
What are the two water compartments of the body.
How water moves between the two water compartments.

Chapter 19: Reproductive System

• Seminiferous tubules
• Epididymis

• Seminal Vesicles
• Prostate Gland
• Bulbourethral Glands

• Root
• Body
• Glans penis
• Foreskin or Prepuce

• Head with Acrosomal cap
• Neck
  • Mitochondrial spiral
• Flagellum (tail)

• Oocyte or ovum
• Tertiary follicle or graafian follicle

• Endometrium
• Cervix

• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Prepuce of clitoris
• Glans clitoris
• Vestibule
• Urethral opening
• Vaginal entrance
• Hymen

• Lactiferous duct
• Nipple
• Areola