What are the Two regulatory systems of the body and the differences between em.

What is the difference between Endocrine vs Exocrine glands

Define Hormone vs. Prostaglandin – fxs of each, how they differ. Give examples of each.

3 groups of hormones: amino acid, peptide, and lipid. Describe the differences between them. Give examples of the hormones that come from each group. Describe how they move in the body, and how each causes its action in the body. (primary/secondary or first/second messenger and diffusion).

Lipid derived and two classes: prostaglandins and arachidonic acid.

What does Fast on / Fast off vs Slow on / slow off mean? How are they different?

Describe the structures of the Endocrine system:

Hypothalamus (how is it linked to the CNS –and how does this affect it’s communication with the endocrine system? – i.e. primitive brain and lymbic system and their primary fxs). How does this affect our reaction to STRESS? Hormones/hormone like substance produced and how to recognize em.

Pituitary/hypophysis – two lobes, and hormones produced and target systems and effects.

List the 2 hormones from posterior lobe, and the 9 from anterior lobe.

Examples of disease associated with imbalances in hormone levels.

Know the connection between ADH, aldosterone, Renin-angiotensin II, ANP, caffeine, diabetes insipidus.

Know the connection between Calcitonin, PTH, calcitriol. – Ca++ in the blood

Adrenal glands: two parts

Cholinergic vs adrenergic.

Kidneys – 3 hormones and functions

Heart – hormone and function

Pancreas – exocrine vs endocrine fxs

Sex hormones – What are the characteristics of the sex hormones? Where are they produced? What is the function of each sex hormone? What causes the secretion of the sex hormones and how do they stimulate a cellular response?

Testes – interstitial cells, Sustentacular cells, hormone and fx.

Ovary – follicle cells and corpus luteum – hormones and fxs.

Placenta – hormones and fxs

How are positive and negative feedback mechanisms/systems linked to the endocrine system?

What is Antagonistic, synergistic, permissive, and integrative hormone systems? How are they linked to positive and negative feedback mechanisms?

Review your notes on the Integumentary system. Now, describe why hormone skin patches such as nicotine, birth control, etc. are effective.

6 different proteins in/on the cell membrane? What does each do?

Protein synthesis? Where does it occur? Describe it and it’s role in Nervous system.

Characteristics of water? How does the human body use each characteristics to help maintain homeostasis? Which characteristics specifically support the nervous system? How does water support the cellular transport mechanisms in the nervous system?

Cellular transport mechanisms. Or how/why things move between one location and another – i.e. diffusion, osmosis, etc. Know how each functions, how each is different from the others, how each is affected by the cell membrane. Define semi-permeable membrane. How do these mechanisms affect the nervous system?

Define stress. What are some things that stress the nervous system?

Use the standard anatomical position to describe the location of the nervous organs, nerves, etc.

What are the epithelial tissues associated with nervous system?

How is the nervous system linked to the skeletal, vascular, digestive, reproductive, integumentary, muscular, endocrine, respiratory, lymphatic/immune, and urinary systems?

Review of previous chapters questions

Connective tissue: no free border

What is the function of CT in the nervous system?

Matrix and components: ground substance, matrix molecules, hyaluronic and proteoglycans, specialized cells

3 fiber types: where are they found in the nervous system? What roles do they play?

Describe the different types of connective tissue and the specialized matrix and cells of each. What is connective tissue proper and its divisions; fluid CT; specialized/structural CT; RBCs; WBCs; 5 types of WBCs and characteristics of each; fibrocytes, osteocytes, -cytes, -blasts, -clasts, perichondrium. How are these structures connected to the nervous system?

3 types of cartilage and characteristics

Examples of each CT type, each cartilage type and where it can be found,

Mast cells, adipocytes, macrophages,

What are the macrophages of the nervous system?

4 types of membranes: Mucous, serous, synovial, cutaneous: differences, where each is found, examples

What are the membranes associated with the endocrine system? Define epithelium, endothelium, etc. Where is each found in the endocrine system?

Name some membranes made of connective tissue

Inflammation – define; 5 signs, histamine, How does this affect the endocrine system? What causes the ‘pain’ in inflammation? How does this affect the endocrine system?

Tissue repair – regeneration, replacement. How does this affect the endocrine system? What are the ‘levels of organization’ (chp 1) in the endocrine system? How does tissue repair affect endocrine system organization?