Define: Hist-, histology, anti-hist-amine, Germ layer, germ cells, mesenchymal cells, stem cells, gamete, zygote, haploid, diploid, mitosis, meiosis,

List the primordial germ layers and which tissues are derived from each.

List the four major tissue types, what makes up a tissue, how the cells are similar and how this supports the function of each ‘tissue. COMPARE and CONTRAST em

Epithelial tissues What is the unique characteristic? How does this affect the function of this tissue? Describe the construction of an epithelial tissue? : What is the embryonic origin? How does the embryonic origin affect the function of each epithelial tissue? Describe the types of epithelial tissues – what are the categories? What characteristics put each in its respective category? List the cell types, and functions of each. List some examples of each. How is the function of a simple epithelium different from a stratified epithelium? What is the function of the epidermis and its characteristics vs the function of the walls of a capillary and its characteristics. Which characteristics support the function of that epithelium? How does this tie in with the ‘structure determines function; function determines structure’ concept?

List some examples of epithelial tissues. What are the characteristics of each?

Define: duct, stratified, vascularized, basement membrane, psuedo -, transition, mucin,.

Compare and contrast: membrane vs epithelial tissue vs basement membrane.

What are the 4 types of membranes: Mucous, serous, synovial, cutaneous?

Describe the location of pleural membranes, pericardial membranes, and the peritoneum-mesentery, meninges. What are the characteristics of each? What are the functions of each?

State the location of mucus membranes and state the function of mucus. What are the characteristics of mucus membranes? What is the function of mucous? What are the components of mucous? Which cells produce mucous? How is mucous a nonspecific defense mechanism? What is a Specific defense mechanism?

What are the cell connection types? List em; compare and contrast em. What are the functions of each; the specialty of each? What is a desmosome, gap junction, intercalated disc, zonula adherens, zonula occludens?

Compare and Contrast exocrine glands and endocrine glands.

Connective tissue: no free border – what is the embryonic origin?

Describe the functions of connective tissue and relate them to the function of the body or an organ system

Define: adipocyte, peri-, epi-, endo-, chondro-, -thelium, -phil, -phobe (-phobia), fibrocytes, osteocytes, cytes, blasts, clasts,

Matrix and components: ground substance, matrix molecules, hyaluronic and proteoglycans, specialized cells; What are the possible characteristics of the Matrix? What determines the characteristic of each? How does the ‘mix’ of matrix components determine the Function of that CT?

3 fiber types, what function for each, location, cell type that forms it?

Compare and Contrast the different types of connective tissue and the specialized matrix and specialized cells of each:

Connective tissue proper and its divisions, functions of each type, matrix, specialized cells.

Fluid CT- what are the two types? What are RBCs, WBCs, 5 types of WBC, characteristics of each, Mast cell, basophil, macrophage, Von Kupffer cell, alveolar macrophage, microglia

specialized/structural CT: characteristics and Function of each, fibrocytes, osteocytes, -cytes, -blasts, -clasts, perichondrium, periosteum,,

Examples of each CT type, each cartilage type and where it can be found. List the specialized cells of each CT type. What is the Matrix of each? Compare and contrast em.

What are the characteristics of water that support the function of each CT type?

What are the two places water is found in the body? List all the alternate names for each. List some example of each ‘fluid’ and the function of each. How is interstitial fluid different from lymph, plasma, intracellular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, etc? What makes intracellular fluid different from extracellular fluid? What are the characteristics of this structure that creates the ABILITY to have differences between the intracellular and extracellular fluids?

Name some membranes made of connective tissue

Compare and contrast Sinusoids vs Capillaries. Where is each found, what is function of each? Why does each have an epithelial surface? What is function of this epithelial surface? Describe the structure of this epithelial surface and how that structure supports the function of each.

What is the blood brain barrier? What creates it? What is function? How is it a barrier?

Muscle tissue: What is main function? What is main characteristic? What is the embryonic origin? List the three types of muscle tissue. Compare and Contrast em. What makes each unique? How does the main characteristic affect the function?

Define: innervate, innervation, striated, voluntary, micrometer, Na/K pump, active transport, diffusion, osmosis, Resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential (AP), ‘potential’ as an electrical term, gradient,

How is the RMP related to intracellular vs extracellular ions/fluid? Now, how is the AP related to intracellular vs extracellular ions/fluid and to the RMP?

What are the 6 proteins on the cell membrane? Which is responsible for permeability and ion concentration gradients?

Define: Na, K, acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, ACh, polarize, depolarize, repolarize, stimulus,

Give an example of each type of stimulus and what ‘triggers’ it.

What tissues depend on the Na/K pump for their function? How does water support these?

Nervous tissue: What is the main characteristic? What is the embryonic origin? What are the two main cell types and the function of each? List the parts of a neuron. List the different types of neuroglia.

What is a nerve ‘impulse’ or signal? How is it transmitted along a neuron?

List the types of dendritic nerve endings and the ‘stimulus’ for each.

Inflammation – what is the function? What are the 5 signs, and what causes each symptom? define histamine, heparin, what role do they play?

Tissue repair – regeneration, replacement

What is the function of tissue repair? What happens when repair occurs without achieving the function?

Describe tissue repair of Skin, muscle, connective tissues, bone, ligaments/tendons, and organs.

Review of previous chapters for BONUS questions

Characteristics of WATER and how each supports the function of each tissue type? How each tissue interacts with water?

Characteristics of life and relate each to each tissue type.

Levels of organization and relate each to each tissue type.

11 organ systems and the main function of each. How do they work together?

Define homeostasis, metabolism, Diffusion, osmosis, active transport and how each is used in each tissue. acid, base, acidosis, alkalosis.