What is a Species? What are some of the problems w/ defining a species?

What is the Biological species concept ? How does it define a ‘species’? How is a species ‘isolated’? What does isolated mean in this context?

Define Ornithology, Entomology, speciation.

How do Isolation of populations; and Genetic divergence influence speciation?

Define and describe Allopatric speciation; Sympatric speciation; Ecological isolation; Chromosomal aberrations; polyploidy and non-disjunction; vegetative reproduction, asexual reproduction.

What happens when you cross a tetraploid X diploid organism – what is the offspring’s ploidy level? What does ploidy level mean? How does this affect the ‘metabolism/homeostasis’ of that offspring? How about it’s ability to reproduce?

Which kinds of organisms are successfully polyploid? Is polyploidy an important speciation mechanism in plants? Why or why not? In animals? Why or why not?

So, animals do not have the same ‘non-disjunction’ characteristics that produce polyploidy individuals as do plants? Well, explain the Chapter 11 Rattlesnake surprise case study on page 185.

How do polyploid plants produce a new population? Why is that ‘new’ population able to reproduce sexually and therefore classify as a new ‘species’.

Describe the mechanism to produce a tetraploid plant species. Describe a possible method to get a tetraploid animal species.

What is Apomixis?

What is Apoptosis?

Explain the Change "over time", and Adaptive radiation concepts and their effect on speciation.

List and explain the reproductive isolating mechanisms.

How is premating actually ‘prezygote’? what are the 5 mechanisms?

How is postmating actually ‘postzygote/? What are the 3 mechanisms?

What causes extinction? Define extinction, extinct, extant.

How does a small population become extinct? What percentage of all sps that have ever lived have become extinct, according to researchers?

Explain the effects of ‘Localized distribution’; ‘Over specialization’; ‘Competition’; and ‘Habitat change and destruction’ – on species survival. What is the largest contributor to this category?

What is the most common cause of extinction? Why? How is this linked to evolution?

Define Urban Sprawl. Describe it in your own words. How is urban sprawl linked to evolution? How are pesticide resistant pests linked to urban sprawl?