General Biology 1

Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration

  1. How is Glucose metabolized?

  2. Describe the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.

  3. Remember that these are enzyme catalyzed reactions? What does that mean?

  4. What are the chemical equations that describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

  5. Describe the steps of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration. Compare and contrast em.

  6. How does the 1st and 2nd Law of Thermodynamics play into these reactions?

  7. How is the energy ‘lost’ that fulfills the 2nd LoT? How much is ‘lost’? How much is captured?

  8. What is glycolysis? Describe the conditions. Where does it occur? What are the reactants, and products? List em.

  9. What can happen to pyruvate once it is formed?

  10. Describe the two Fermentation pathways. List some organisms that use each pathway. How do we as humans use these pathways? Where does fermentation take place?

  11. Describe the Krebs cycle. Where does it occur? Describe the conditions. What are the reactants? What are the products?

  12. How does ‘glycolysis’ break a glucose molecule apart to form Pyruvate? What is meant by Glucose ACTIVATION – How does this Activate glucose? What is the role of PO4 in this sequence of rxns?

  13. What is meant by ‘Energy Harvest’? what is produced?

  14. How many ATP’s used? How many generated? What is net ATP production from glycolysis?

  15. What happens to the e-s that are stripped from the Glucose?

  16. What is NAD? What is it’s function?

  17. Write out the full name for NAD, FAD, ATP, ADP, what are their roles?

  18. What ‘empties’ the e-storage sites?

  19. What negative outcome does fermentation have for the organism? What positive benefit does give to the organism?

  20. What are the two fermentation processes? What are the reactants? What are the products? How much ATP does each supply to the organism?

  21. What does a build up of lactate cause?

  22. What causes fatigue? Why?

  23. What limits Cellular respiration?

  24. Where does aerobic CR occur?

  25. What is role of O2? In which step is O2 actually used?

  26. What is the role of the co-enzyme CoA? What happens to it?

  27. What is the role of oxaloacetate? What happens to it? Where have you seen oxaloacetate before?

  28. Why is Krebs cycle also called ‘citric acid cycle’? What are the products? What are the reactants? Where does krebs cycle occur?

  29. Describe the physical construction of a mitochondrion. Draw and label the parts: outer membrane, inner membrane, inner compartment, intermembrane compartment, matrix, Electron carrier molecules.

  30. What creates the pyruvate concentration gradient INTO mitochondrium?

  31. How is acetyl-CoA produced?

  32. How many acetyl-CoA’s are produced? Why?

  33. Describe citrate. What happens to citrate? What is an isomerase? What does it do to citrate?

  34. What is oxaloacetate? What role does it play in these reactions?

  35. What is the e-trx system? Where have you seen this before? What were the components of that rxn? What were the roles of those components? How does that compare with this rxn? What are the products?

  36. What happens when O and 2H’s are bound together with 2 e-s to create water? What is the role of this rxn?

  37. How does creating a high concentration of H+ in the intermembrane compartment cause the subsequent creation of ATP?

  38. What is an ATP-ase? Where is it located?

  39. Why do H+s move through the ATP channels?

  40. What kind of energy is this? What kind of energy is in the ATP? What happens to the ATP once it’s produced? What happens to ADP? Where does ADP come from?

  41. What is meant by ‘All life processes require energy’? Define this phrases. Give examples of the different life processes that require energy.

  42. How is this concept of energy linked to Homeostasis?

  43. How do we obtain energy? Where does all energy originate?