Review General Biology 1

Chapter 11 Cellular Reproduction

  1. What are the functions of cellular reproduction?

  2. Define binary fission. What organisms use it? What happens to the DNA, how does the cell split? How do Clusters of bacteria form? How do ideal conditions affect bacterial replication? What is bacterial conjugation? (not in book)

  3. Define Mitosis, meiosis. Which organism use this type of cell reproduction?

  4. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

  5. How many and what kind of daughter cells are produced?

  6. Define a Gene, DNA, Chromosome, Homologous chromosome, homologue, Diploid, Haploid, Allele, Dispersed, Condensed, Chromatid, Sister chromatid, Centromere, Karyotype, Autosomes, Sex chromosomes,

  7. What is the Cell Cycle? What are the phases? Which part is mitosis? Which is meiosis?: describe the events that occur in each phase:

  8. Interphase what are the three stages? In which phase is DNA replicated? What is the G0 phase? What is its significance?

  9. Define/describe spindle microtubules, kinetochore, centriole,

  10. Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. Interphase,

  11. Cytokinesis, Cell Plate, Golgi bodies, vesicles, equator, Cell Wall

  12. How many times does cytokinesis occur during mitosis? Replication of DNA? Division of DNA?

  13. How are Mutations, Alleles, evolution, and SURVIVAL OF THE Fittest all connected?

  14. How does reshuffling genes may combine Different alleles in Beneficial ways.

  15. What is Meiosis? What is the main accomplishment of Meiosis?

  16. Descrive IPMAT I and II. What happens in each stage? When do the homologues replicate? When do they ‘separate’?

  17. What is crossing 0ver? When does it occur? What are ‘chiasma’, chiasmata? When is DNA exchanged?

  18. What does Recombination mean?

  19. What happens to sister chromatids during Anaphase I

  20. What is the function of the spindle microtubules and centrioles, kinetochores, and centromeres during meiosis I? During meiosis II?

  21. What happens during Meiosis II – separates sister chromatids into four truly Haplid nuclei.

  22. How many times does Cytokinesis occur during meiosis? Replication of DNA? Division of DNA? Do you consider division of homologues to be DNA division? How about division of sister chromatids?

  23. List all the ways that the diploid cells produced by mitosis are different from the haploid cells produced by meiosis.

  24. How are Meiosis and mitosis a cycle? How does Meiosis leads to genetically RECOMBINED haploid gametes? How is the zygote formed by the fusion of these gametes different from either parent?

  25. What is Alternation of Generation? Describe it.

  26. Why do the homologues RANDOMLY align on the equator?

  27. Describe the MATH behind the statement that a mosquito with n=3 and 2n= 6 can recombine in 8 new ways. Describe the MATH behind the statement that humans w/ n-23 and 2n=46 can recombine in 8M new ways.

  28. How does crossing over ensure that no parent is likely to have exactly the same combinations of alleles.

Bonus points:

  1. Parthenogenesis -

  2. How did the female produce a viable MALE through parthenogenesis?