Review General Bio I

Chapter 4 Cell Structure

  1. Define Cytology, homeostasis, extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, cytoplasm, inclusions, organelles.

  2. Describe 3 characteristics of CELLS

  3. What is the cell membrane, plasma membrane? What is it’s functions? How does it achieve its functions? What is the molecular arrangement of the CM?

  4. Describe a phospholipid. How does cholesterol affect the cm?

  5. What is the Fluid Mosaic model of the CM?

  6. What gives the CM its Fluid nature? What attributes does this give to the CM?

  7. Define permeable, semi-permeable, differentially permeable, selectively permeable, impermeable,

  8. The CM impermeable to what type of molecules?

  9. What are the Organic molecules in the cell membrane and what are their functions?

  10. What are the lipids and their functions in the CM? Which parts of the lipids are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic? Be able to diagram the CM for this.

  11. What are the 6 proteins and the fxn of each?

  12. What are the Carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glycolipids and lipoproteins?

  13. Since most biological molecules are hydrophilic what is the effect on diffusion through the cm? How about hydrophobic biological molecules?

  14. Describe ‘lipid-soluble’. What is meant by the phrase ‘like dissolves like’? Compare lipid-soluble and hydrophilic.

  15. Describe a ‘fluid’. Describe a 'solid'.  Describe a 'gas'.  What characteristic of the atoms/molecules causes each 'state' to be that 'state'?  How does energy in the system affect the the 'state' of the matter in that system?

  16. Define concentration, gradient. Describe a concentration gradient.

  17. What are the Cellular transport mechanisms and why are they important?

  18. Define Diffusion, Dynamic equilibrium, Facilitated diffusion, Carrier mediated transport, Osmosis, Osmotic pressure,  and their effects on the cell and CM.

  19. What is a solution? What are the parts of a solution?  Define Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.  How does the concentration of a solution on one side of the CM affect the solution concentration on the other side? 

  20. Define Active transport, Endocytosis, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Exocytosis

  21. How are cell surfaces specialized?

  22. What are the different types of cell junctions?

  23. Describe a desmosome, tight junction, Gap junction, Plasmodesmata, and the characteristic and function of each. Which is found in plants? Which in animals. What is the Cell Wall, primary and secondary cell walls, middle lamella and their functions.

  24. Create a TABLE to compare and contrast the cell junctions of Plant cells vs Animal cells.

  25. What is pectin?

 

     

    Review General Biology I

    Chapter 5

  1. Review CM, it’s functions etc.

  2. What is the normal Cell size? Why is it this size? What are microvilli?

  3. What is and describe the Cytoplasm, cytosol, solutes, proteins, inclusions

  4. What are Prokaryotic cells and their characteristics, Pili, Capsule/slime layer, Nucleoid, NO membrane bound organelles,

  5. What is the function of Membranes in some prokaryotes?

  6. Describe the Cytoplasm and the Food granules

  7. What are Eukaryotic cells and their characteristics. Compare and contrast with prokaryotes.

  8. How are they different? Describe the organelles of each. What are the chloroplasts, plastids, central vacuole

  9. Describe the Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Cytoplasmic inclusions.

  10. Describe the Cell organelles and their functions.

  11. What are the Membranous organelles and give their functions?

  12. Describe the Nucleus, chromosomes, Nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, Endoplasmic recticulum, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, Vesicles, Lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuole, contractile vacuole, central vacuole., mitochondria, chloroplast, plastids,

  13. Give examples of each.

  14. What are the nonmembranous organelles and give their functions?  Why are they called NONmembranous?

  15. Describe the Cytoskeleton, Microtuble, Microfilament, Centrioles, describe the role of centrioles in Mitosis and meiosis.

  16. Describe the Ring of 9 fused microtubule triplets, how they function, and the effect on cilia and flagella.

  17. Define/describe Cilia, Flagella and their function.

  18. What are Ribosomes? Where are they found? What is the function? Describe ‘free’ ribosomes, and what they produce.

  19. Describe the structure of a ribosome.